The Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a stunning and intricately patterned raptor found in the humid tropical forests of Java, Indonesia. This medium-sized bird, measuring approximately 60 cm in length, boasts a captivating appearance with its black crested head, white-tipped black crown and mustache, and dark brown back and wings.
With its long, almost vertically held black crest, and striking yellow eyes, the Javan Hawk-Eagle is a sight to behold. The bird’s throat is creamy white with a black stripe, running down to its whitish breast and heavily barred underparts in chestnut hues. The back and wings are dark brown, gradually fading to a lighter brown tail adorned with wide cream stripes. Juvenile birds share similar colors but have plainer underparts and a duller head.
This Indonesian endemic species faces numerous threats due to habitat loss and hunting. It primarily feeds on birds, lizards, fruit bats, and mammals. Unfortunately, the Javan Hawk-Eagle is listed as “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List due to its limited range, small population size, and ongoing habitat loss.
The Javan Hawk-Eagle holds great cultural significance as it is the national bird of Indonesia, often referred to as “Garuda” in reference to the bird-like creatures in Hindu and Buddhist myths. The scientific name honors the Bartels family, who discovered this marvelous bird.
Due to the plumage variability of Spizaetus eagles, the Javan Hawk-Eagle was not recognized as a distinct species until 1953. Its rarity makes it one of the rarest raptors in the world.
As of February 2012, there were only about 325 pairs of Javan Hawk-Eagles remaining in the wild, mainly found in Malangbong, West Java, and some in East Java. Deforestation and agriculture pose significant challenges for their survival, especially as the eagles prefer rasamala trees and Javanese rats for their diet.
Conservation efforts are critical to protect the Javan Hawk-Eagle from extinction. Without intervention, it is predicted that this majestic bird could vanish from the wild by 2025. To ensure the continued existence of this remarkable species, it is essential to address habitat preservation and mitigate the threats faced by these avian masterpieces. Let us join together in safeguarding the natural heritage of our planet and the fascinating creatures that call it home.
